{"id":68,"date":"2025-12-08T09:51:28","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T08:51:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/?p=68"},"modified":"2025-12-08T09:51:28","modified_gmt":"2025-12-08T08:51:28","slug":"najcastejsie-chyby-pri-nacviku-kreslenia-a-pisania-a-ako-sa-im-jednoducho-vyhnut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/2025\/12\/08\/najcastejsie-chyby-pri-nacviku-kreslenia-a-pisania-a-ako-sa-im-jednoducho-vyhnut\/","title":{"rendered":"Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie chyby pri n\u00e1cviku kreslenia a p\u00edsania (a ako sa im jednoducho vyhn\u00fa\u0165)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Kreslenie a p\u00edsanie patria medzi z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 deti potrebuj\u00fa v \u0161kole aj v \u017eivote.<br>Ale e\u0161te d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie je, <strong>ako<\/strong> sa ich u\u010dia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mnoh\u00e9 deti si osvoja nespr\u00e1vne n\u00e1vyky u\u017e v pred\u0161kolskom veku \u2013 a tie sa potom pri p\u00edsan\u00ed prejavia ako \u00fanava, odpor, bolesti ruky, pomal\u00e9 tempo \u010di ne\u010ditate\u013en\u00e9 p\u00edsmo. Dobr\u00e1 spr\u00e1va?<br>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine t\u00fdchto probl\u00e9mov sa d\u00e1 pred\u00eds\u0165, ke\u010f rodi\u010dia a u\u010ditelia rozumej\u00fa tomu, <strong>\u010do s\u00fa tie naj\u010dastej\u0161ie chyby a ako ich nen\u00fatene opravi\u0165<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu s\u00fa tie najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Pr\u00edli\u0161 skor\u00e9 vedenie det\u00ed k p\u00edsaniu p\u00edsmen \u2716\ufe0f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve\u013ea rodi\u010dov chce, aby die\u0165a vedelo p\u00edsa\u0165 \u010do najsk\u00f4r \u2014 niekedy u\u017e v 3\u20134 rokoch.<br>Probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee deti v tomto veku e\u0161te nemaj\u00fa dozret\u00fa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>jemn\u00fa motoriku,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>stabilitu z\u00e1p\u00e4stia,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>koordin\u00e1ciu o\u010d\u00ed a r\u00fak,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>trpezlivos\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak p\u00edsanie pr\u00edde pr\u00edli\u0161 skoro, m\u00f4\u017ee sa sta\u0165:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>die\u0165a si osvoj\u00ed nespr\u00e1vny \u00fachop,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>p\u00ed\u0161e celou rukou, nie prstami,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vytv\u00e1ra si k\u0155\u010dov\u00e9 pohyby,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>za\u010dne p\u00edsanie odmieta\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 P\u00edsmen\u00e1 a \u010d\u00edsla patria a\u017e po tom, \u010do die\u0165a <strong>ove\u013ea viac kresl\u00ed, \u010dm\u00e1ra, modeluje a manipuluje<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Nespr\u00e1vny \u00fachop ceruzky<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dachop sa formuje vo veku pribli\u017ene 4\u20136 rokov.<br>Ak die\u0165a dr\u017e\u00ed ceruzku:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>p\u00e4s\u0165ou,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>v\u0161etk\u00fdmi prstami vpredu,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>prsty m\u00e1 pr\u00edli\u0161 vzadu,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>palec prekr\u00fdva ostatn\u00e9,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>p\u00edsanie bude pre neho nam\u00e1hav\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Naj\u010dastej\u0161ia chyba dospel\u00fdch: <strong>napravuj\u00fa \u00fachop n\u00e1sil\u00edm<\/strong>.<br>To sp\u00f4sobuje odpor a stres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Rie\u0161enie: mal\u00e9 ceruzky, \u0161tipce, plastel\u00edna, pipety, hry na \u0161tipcov\u00fd \u00fachop + jemn\u00e9 pripomienky, nie tlak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Deti kreslia ramenom namiesto prstami<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak die\u0165a pri kreslen\u00ed pohybuje cel\u00fdm ramenom alebo predlakt\u00edm, je to znak, \u017ee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>jemn\u00e1 motorika e\u0161te nie je pripraven\u00e1,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ruka nie je dostato\u010dne stabiln\u00e1,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dr\u017eanie ceruzky je neefekt\u00edvne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Deti potom r\u00fdchlo unav\u00ed aj jednoduch\u00fd obr\u00e1zok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Rie\u0161enie:<br>Aktivity na posilnenie prstov a z\u00e1p\u00e4stia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>prelievanie vody,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pipety,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>manipul\u00e1cia s drobn\u00fdmi predmetmi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tvarovanie plastel\u00edny,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hry s odporom (modelovacia hlina, guma).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Pr\u00edli\u0161 skor\u00e9 kreslenie detailov<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak die\u0165a nem\u00e1 zvl\u00e1dnut\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 tvary, no dospel\u00ed mu d\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u00falohy ako:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>nakresli\u0165 dom so strechou,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>psa,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>postavu s detailmi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kvety,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>die\u0165a zlyh\u00e1, preto\u017ee \u201epresko\u010dilo v\u00fdvinov\u00fd krok\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deti sa u\u010dia kreslenie v porad\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u010dm\u00e1ranica<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kruhy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010diary<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kr\u00ed\u017e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0161pir\u00e1lky<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>jednoduch\u00e9 tvary<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a\u017e potom postavy a predmety<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Rie\u0161enie:<br>Za\u010da\u0165 od z\u00e1kladov. Oslavova\u0165 pokrok, nie v\u00fdsledok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Pou\u017e\u00edvanie nespr\u00e1vnych n\u00e1strojov<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Najm\u00e4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pr\u00edli\u0161 dlh\u00e9 ceruzky,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tenk\u00e9 pastelky,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tvrd\u00e9 ceruzky,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>klzk\u00fd papier.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tie v\u0161etky n\u00fatia die\u0165a dr\u017ea\u0165 ceruzku neprirodzene alebo vyv\u00edja\u0165 pr\u00edli\u0161n\u00fd tlak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Rie\u0161enie:<br>Kr\u00e1tke ceruzky, hrub\u0161ie pastelky, trojhrann\u00e9 tvary, kvalitn\u00fd papier, voskovky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Deti s\u00fa pri kreslen\u00ed pr\u00edli\u0161 r\u00fdchlo opravovan\u00e9 alebo kritizovan\u00e9<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eNie tak!\u201c<br>\u201eZle to rob\u00ed\u0161.\u201c<br>\u201eUk\u00e1\u017eem ti to.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak\u00e9to z\u00e1sahy zni\u017euj\u00fa sebad\u00f4veru det\u00ed a kazia rados\u0165 z kreslenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Die\u0165a prestane kresli\u0165 zo strachu, \u017ee to nebude \u201edobre\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Rie\u0161enie:<br>Pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ot\u00e1zky namiesto opr\u00e1v:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201eSk\u00fas, \u010do sa stane, ke\u010f\u2026\u201c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201eAko by si to chcel spravi\u0165?\u201c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201eP\u00e1\u010di sa mi, ako sa sna\u017e\u00ed\u0161.\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Tlak na \u201e\u010distotu\u201c kresby<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/hravedeticky.sk\/43-vzdelavacie-materialy\">Pred\u0161kol\u00e1ci kreslia<\/a> intuit\u00edvne a expres\u00edvne.<br>Ak sa dospel\u00fd fixuje na:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>rovn\u00e9 \u010diary,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>symetriu,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010distotu,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vyfarbovanie bez pre\u010diarovania,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>die\u0165a sa uzavrie a strat\u00ed tvorivos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Rie\u0161enie:<br>Necha\u0165 deti tvori\u0165 slobodne.<br>Techniku bud\u00fa zdokona\u013eova\u0165 postupne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Kreslenie len na papieri (\u017eiadne zvisl\u00e9 plochy)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Zvisl\u00e9 kreslenie (na tabu\u013eu, okno, ve\u013ek\u00fd papier na stene):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>zap\u00e1ja in\u00e9 svaly,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>posil\u0148uje z\u00e1p\u00e4stie,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>podporuje spr\u00e1vnu polohu ruky,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zlep\u0161uje rozsah pohybu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak die\u0165a kresl\u00ed len na st\u00f4l, m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 slab\u00e9 dr\u017eanie a k\u0155\u010dovit\u00e9 pohyby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Rie\u0161enie:<br>Strieda\u0165 horizont\u00e1lne a vertik\u00e1lne plochy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Preskakovanie motorick\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt a senzorick\u00fdch hier<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Kreslenie nie je izolovan\u00e1 zru\u010dnos\u0165.<br>Potrebuj\u00fa ho podpori\u0165:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>hry s vodou,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pren\u00e1\u0161anie,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>jemn\u00e9 pres\u00fdpanie,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lepenie,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>manipul\u00e1cia s predmetmi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>strihanie,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>modelovanie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Deti, ktor\u00e9 tieto aktivity robia pravidelne, kreslia lep\u0161ie aj rady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Deti sedia nespr\u00e1vne alebo na neergonomickom mieste<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>nohy visia,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>st\u00f4l je pr\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fd,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>stoli\u010dka je nestabiln\u00e1,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>die\u0165a le\u017e\u00ed na stole,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>nem\u00f4\u017ee pracova\u0165 prstami efekt\u00edvne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Rie\u0161enie:<br>Nohy na zemi, kolen\u00e1 v pravom uhle, st\u00f4l vo v\u00fd\u0161ke lak\u0165ov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1ver: Kreslenie a p\u00edsanie s\u00fa v\u00fdsledkom cel\u00e9ho motorick\u00e9ho a zmyslov\u00e9ho v\u00fdvinu<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Kreslenie nie je len o ceruzke.<br>Je to v\u00fdsledok:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>jemnej motoriky,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>stability tela,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zmyslov\u00fdch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>emocion\u00e1lneho bezpe\u010dia,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>spr\u00e1vnych n\u00e1strojov,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>podpory dospel\u00fdch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ke\u010f tieto oblasti die\u0165a\u0165u poskytneme, kreslenie sa stane prirodzenou, radostnou a \u013eahkou aktivitou \u2014 nie bojom pri stole.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kreslenie a p\u00edsanie patria medzi z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 deti potrebuj\u00fa v \u0161kole aj v \u017eivote.Ale e\u0161te d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie je, ako sa ich u\u010dia. Mnoh\u00e9 deti si osvoja nespr\u00e1vne n\u00e1vyky u\u017e v pred\u0161kolskom veku \u2013 a tie sa potom pri p\u00edsan\u00ed prejavia ako \u00fanava, odpor, bolesti ruky, pomal\u00e9 tempo \u010di ne\u010ditate\u013en\u00e9 p\u00edsmo. Dobr\u00e1 spr\u00e1va?V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine t\u00fdchto probl\u00e9mov sa [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":69,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezaradene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68\/revisions\/70"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}