{"id":65,"date":"2025-11-07T09:47:14","date_gmt":"2025-11-07T08:47:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/?p=65"},"modified":"2025-12-08T09:48:43","modified_gmt":"2025-12-08T08:48:43","slug":"ako-zistit-ci-dieta-drzi-ceruzku-spravne-a-ako-to-nenutene-napravit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/2025\/11\/07\/ako-zistit-ci-dieta-drzi-ceruzku-spravne-a-ako-to-nenutene-napravit\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako zisti\u0165, \u010di die\u0165a dr\u017e\u00ed ceruzku spr\u00e1vne (a ako to nen\u00fatene napravi\u0165)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Spr\u00e1vne dr\u017eanie ceruzky je jednou z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch zru\u010dnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 die\u0165a potrebuje pre pohodln\u00e9 p\u00edsanie, kreslenie a nesk\u00f4r pre \u0161kolsk\u00e9 povinnosti. Probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee ak si die\u0165a osvoj\u00ed nespr\u00e1vny \u00fachop pr\u00edli\u0161 skoro, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 ho preu\u010di\u0165 \u2014 a m\u00f4\u017ee to vies\u0165 k bolestiam ruky, r\u00fdchlej \u00fanave \u010di neochote kresli\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dobr\u00e1 spr\u00e1va?<br>Skontrolova\u0165, \u010di die\u0165a dr\u017e\u00ed ceruzku spr\u00e1vne, je jednoduch\u00e9. A e\u0161te jednoduch\u0161ie je nen\u00fatene ho k spr\u00e1vnemu \u00fachopu navies\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u010fme si uk\u00e1za\u0165 ako.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Ako vyzer\u00e1 spr\u00e1vny \u00fachop ceruzky?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Najide\u00e1lnej\u0161ie dr\u017eanie sa naz\u00fdva <strong>trojprstov\u00fd dynamick\u00fd \u00fachop<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vyzer\u00e1 takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ceruzka le\u017e\u00ed na <strong>prostredn\u00edku<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>palec<\/strong> a <strong>ukazov\u00e1k<\/strong> ju jemne dr\u017eia z bokov,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>z\u00e1p\u00e4stie je uvo\u013enen\u00e9 a oto\u010den\u00e9 smerom nadol,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>prsty pracuj\u00fa jemne, nie k\u0155\u010dovito,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>koniec ceruzky smeruje \u0161ikmo dozadu, nie kolmo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak m\u00e1 die\u0165a tento \u00fachop, ruka sa neunav\u00ed a pohyb je pru\u017en\u00fd a prec\u00edzny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Jednoduch\u00fd test: dr\u017e\u00ed die\u0165a ceruzku spr\u00e1vne?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Sk\u00faste si pri kreslen\u00ed v\u0161\u00edma\u0165:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2714\ufe0f Ohnut\u00e9 prsty, ale nie zovret\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Prsty sa pohybuj\u00fa prirodzene, bez ve\u013ek\u00e9ho tlaku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2714\ufe0f Medzi palcom a ukazov\u00e1kom je mal\u00e9 \u201eokienko\u201c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak je palec prilepen\u00fd k ukazov\u00e1ku, dr\u017e\u00ed ceruzku pr\u00edli\u0161 silno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2714\ufe0f Ceruzka sa opiera o prostredn\u00edk<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nie o dla\u0148, nie o \u0161tvrt\u00fd prst \u2014 to s\u00fa znaky nespr\u00e1vneho \u00fachopu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2714\ufe0f Hlava ceruzky mieri \u0161ikmo hore<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak je pr\u00edli\u0161 vzpriamen\u00e1, die\u0165a si nam\u00e1ha z\u00e1p\u00e4stie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2714\ufe0f Die\u0165a kresl\u00ed prstami, nie cel\u00fdm ramenom<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak pohyb vych\u00e1dza z ramena, jemn\u00e1 motorika e\u0161te nie je dostato\u010dne rozvinut\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie chybn\u00e9 \u00fachopy (a \u010do prezr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Deti maj\u00fa prirodzen\u00fa tendenciu vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 si vlastn\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby dr\u017eania ceruzky. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u274c \u201eP\u00e4s\u0165ov\u00fd \u00fachop\u201c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Die\u0165a ceruzku dr\u017e\u00ed celou p\u00e4s\u0165ou.<br>\u27a1\ufe0f Be\u017en\u00e9 u det\u00ed 1\u20133 roky, ale po 4. roku u\u017e potrebujeme prejs\u0165 \u010falej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u274c \u201e\u0160tyri prsty vpredu\u201c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Die\u0165a dr\u017e\u00ed ceruzku v\u0161etk\u00fdmi prstami spredu.<br>\u27a1\ufe0f Nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 sila prstov alebo slab\u00e1 stabilita z\u00e1p\u00e4stia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u274c \u201ePalec prekryje ukazov\u00e1k\u201c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Palec je cez prsty ako \u201epav\u00fak\u201c.<br>\u27a1\ufe0f Die\u0165a sa sna\u017e\u00ed kompenzova\u0165 slab\u00fd \u00fachop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u274c \u201ePrsty pr\u00edli\u0161 vzadu\u201c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Die\u0165a dr\u017e\u00ed ceruzku uprostred.<br>\u27a1\ufe0f Nevhodn\u00e1 d\u013a\u017eka ceruzky alebo nespr\u00e1vne vedenie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ni\u010d z toho nie je \u201echyba die\u0165a\u0165a\u201c \u2014 len potrebuje spr\u00e1vne podnety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Ako to opravi\u0165 nen\u00fatene (bez bojov pri stole)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu s\u00fa techniky, ktor\u00e9 funguj\u00fa najlep\u0161ie a prirodzene:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2714\ufe0f 1. Pou\u017eite kr\u00e1tke ceruzky a voskovky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kr\u00e1tke ceruzky (napr. 8\u201310 cm) die\u0165a <strong>n\u00fati dr\u017ea\u0165 ich trojprstovo<\/strong>.<br>Ned\u00e1 sa chyti\u0165 p\u00e4s\u0165ou, tak\u017ee spr\u00e1vny \u00fachop sa objav\u00ed s\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Skvel\u00e9 s\u00fa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>kr\u00e1tke grafitov\u00e9 ceruzky,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hravedeticky.sk\/vyhladavanie?controller=search&amp;s=voskovky\">hrub\u0161ie voskovky<\/a>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kamienkov\u00e9 pastelky,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>trojhrann\u00e9 ceruzky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2714\ufe0f 2. Aktivujte \u201e\u0161tipcov\u00fd \u00fachop\u201c mimo kreslenia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Najprv mus\u00edme nau\u010di\u0165 prsty spr\u00e1vne pracova\u0165.<br>Skvel\u00e9 s\u00fa aktivity:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0161tipce na bielize\u0148,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pinzety,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pres\u00favanie drobn\u00fdch predmetov,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>navliekanie,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>plastel\u00edna,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pipety (napr. pri potion play \ud83d\ude09).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ke\u010f die\u0165a dok\u00e1\u017ee pracova\u0165 \u0161tipcom, dok\u00e1\u017ee spr\u00e1vne dr\u017ea\u0165 aj ceruzku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2714\ufe0f 3. Nau\u010dte trik \u201e\u0161tipni \u2013 polo\u017e \u2013 zavri\u201c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jednoduch\u00e1 met\u00f3da:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Die\u0165a nech \u201e\u0161tipne\u201c ceruzku palcom a ukazov\u00e1kom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nech ju nech\u00e1 spadn\u00fa\u0165 do jamky medzi palec a ukazov\u00e1k.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prostredn\u00edk podlo\u017e\u00ed ceruzku.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Hotovo!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2714\ufe0f 4. Gumov\u00e9 nadstavce \u2013 \u00e1no aj nie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165, ale:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pou\u017e\u00edvajte ich <strong>kr\u00e1tkodobo<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nevyberajte tvrd\u00e9 plastov\u00e9, ale m\u00e4kk\u00e9 silik\u00f3nov\u00e9,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nepou\u017e\u00edvajte ich, ak die\u0165a e\u0161te nem\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00fa motoriku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2714\ufe0f 5. Kreslite na zvisl\u00e9 plochy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tabu\u013ea, okno, n\u00e1stenka.<br>Pri kreslen\u00ed v stoji sa prirodzene nastavia spr\u00e1vne svaly ramena a z\u00e1p\u00e4stia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2714\ufe0f 6. Nikdy die\u0165a\u0165u nerovnajte prsty n\u00e1sil\u00edm<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To sp\u00f4sob\u00ed odpor a negat\u00edvny vz\u0165ah ku kresleniu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Namiesto toho bu\u010fte \u201esprievodca\u201c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>uk\u00e1\u017ete,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pochv\u00e1\u013ete pri najmen\u0161om zlep\u0161en\u00ed,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pripome\u0148te jemnou vetou (\u201eSk\u00fasme to takto, bude sa ti lep\u0161ie kresli\u0165.\u201c).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Kedy spozornie\u0165?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak die\u0165a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>po 4. roku st\u00e1le dr\u017e\u00ed ceruzku p\u00e4s\u0165ou,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pri kreslen\u00ed sa r\u00fdchlo unav\u00ed,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>odmieta kresli\u0165,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dr\u017e\u00ed ceruzku extr\u00e9mne silno,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pohyb vych\u00e1dza z ramena namiesto prstov,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>m\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o oneskoren\u00fd rozvoj jemnej motoriky, slab\u00fd svalov\u00fd tonus alebo in\u00fd d\u00f4vod.<br>V takom pr\u00edpade pom\u00f4\u017ee tr\u00e9ning jemnej motoriky alebo konzult\u00e1cia s odborn\u00edkom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1ver: Spr\u00e1vny \u00fachop nie je o n\u00faten\u00ed, ale o spr\u00e1vnych podnetoch<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Deti sa u\u010dia dr\u017ea\u0165 ceruzku nie t\u00fdm, \u017ee im to opakujeme, ale t\u00fdm, \u017ee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>manipuluj\u00fa,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>modeluj\u00fa,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0161tipcuj\u00fa,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>naberaj\u00fa,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tvoria,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kreslia,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>maj\u00fa spr\u00e1vne n\u00e1stroje v spr\u00e1vnom \u010dase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Spr\u00e1vne dr\u017eanie ceruzky nie je cie\u013e \u2013 je to v\u00fdsledok dobre rozvinutej jemnej motoriky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A pr\u00e1ve preto je tak d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 podporova\u0165 hru rukami ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spr\u00e1vne dr\u017eanie ceruzky je jednou z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch zru\u010dnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 die\u0165a potrebuje pre pohodln\u00e9 p\u00edsanie, kreslenie a nesk\u00f4r pre \u0161kolsk\u00e9 povinnosti. Probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee ak si die\u0165a osvoj\u00ed nespr\u00e1vny \u00fachop pr\u00edli\u0161 skoro, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 ho preu\u010di\u0165 \u2014 a m\u00f4\u017ee to vies\u0165 k bolestiam ruky, r\u00fdchlej \u00fanave \u010di neochote kresli\u0165. Dobr\u00e1 spr\u00e1va?Skontrolova\u0165, \u010di die\u0165a dr\u017e\u00ed ceruzku [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezaradene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65\/revisions\/67"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}