{"id":51,"date":"2025-10-20T08:28:26","date_gmt":"2025-10-20T06:28:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/?p=51"},"modified":"2025-10-29T08:30:00","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T07:30:00","slug":"chodza-po-spickach-kedy-je-to-problem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/2025\/10\/20\/chodza-po-spickach-kedy-je-to-problem\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u00f4dza po \u0161pi\u010dk\u00e1ch: kedy je to probl\u00e9m?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Mal\u00e9 deti \u010dasto sk\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa ch\u00f4dzu \u201ena \u0161pi\u010dk\u00e1ch\u201c \u2014 je to z\u00e1bavn\u00e9, ticho to klopk\u00e1 a telo si testuje rovnov\u00e1hu. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou ide o <strong>prechodn\u00fa f\u00e1zu<\/strong>. Niekedy v\u0161ak \u0161pi\u010dkovanie pretrv\u00e1va dlh\u0161ie, zhor\u0161uje sa alebo je sprev\u00e1dzan\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami. Tu je praktick\u00fd kompas pre rodi\u010dov a u\u010dite\u013eov: kedy by\u0165 v k\u013eude, kedy spozornie\u0165 a ako die\u0165a podpori\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kedy je to e\u0161te v norme<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Do ~2,5\u20133 rokov<\/strong> sa kr\u00e1tke obdobia ch\u00f4dze po \u0161pi\u010dk\u00e1ch pova\u017euj\u00fa za be\u017en\u00e9, najm\u00e4 pri hre, behu za loptou \u010di vzru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Die\u0165a <strong>vie do\u0161liapnu\u0165 na cel\u00fa nohu<\/strong>, ke\u010f ho o to po\u017eiadate (uk\u00e1\u017ee \u201emedved\u00edka\u201c, \u201etu\u010dniaka\u201c, prejde po \u010diare).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0160pi\u010dkovanie je <strong>ob\u010dasn\u00e9<\/strong>, strieda sa s be\u017enou ch\u00f4dzou, nezhor\u0161uje sa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kedy zbystri\u0165 pozornos\u0165<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vyh\u013eadajte pediatra\/fyzioterapeuta\/ergoterapeuta, ak plat\u00ed 1 alebo viac z nasleduj\u00faceho:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pretrv\u00e1va po 3. roku<\/strong> a die\u0165a <strong>nevie<\/strong> pohodlne dopadn\u00fa\u0165 p\u00e4tou.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Je <strong>symetricky aj asymetricky<\/strong> v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 (jedna noha viac ne\u017e druh\u00e1) alebo sa <strong>zhor\u0161uje<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Objavuje sa <strong>stuhnutos\u0165 l\u00fdtok\/Achiloviek<\/strong>, die\u0165a m\u00e1 probl\u00e9m urobi\u0165 drep alebo st\u00e1\u0165 s p\u00e4tami na zemi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Popri \u0161pi\u010dkovan\u00ed vid\u00edte \u010fal\u0161ie \u0165a\u017ekosti: \u010dast\u00e9 p\u00e1dy, vyh\u00fdbanie sa nerovn\u00e9mu ter\u00e9nu, <strong>slab\u00fd stred tela<\/strong>, oneskoren\u00e9 motorick\u00e9 m\u00ed\u013eniky, v\u00fdrazn\u00fa <strong>zmyslov\u00fa citlivos\u0165<\/strong> (nezn\u00e1\u0161a bos\u00fa ch\u00f4dzu\/ur\u010dit\u00e9 povrchy), \u0165a\u017ekosti so <strong>zrakovo-rovnov\u00e1\u017enou koordin\u00e1ciou<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u00f4dza po \u0161pi\u010dk\u00e1ch je <strong>neust\u00e1la<\/strong> (takmer st\u00e1le, aj pomaly doma).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Die\u0165a sa s\u0165a\u017euje na <strong>boles\u0165 n\u00f4h<\/strong> alebo l\u00fdtok.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>D\u00f4vody m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 r\u00f4zne: \u201eidiopatick\u00e9\u201c (zvyk bez jasnej pr\u00ed\u010diny), skr\u00e1ten\u00e9 svaly l\u00fdtok, zmyslov\u00e9\/vestibul\u00e1rne faktory, zriedkavej\u0161ie neurologick\u00e9 pr\u00ed\u010diny. O to viac m\u00e1 zmysel skor\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia \u2014 \u010d\u00edm sk\u00f4r sa nastav\u00ed pl\u00e1n, t\u00fdm \u013eah\u0161ie sa zvyk men\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010co si odborn\u00edk v\u0161\u00edma (bezboles\u0165ov\u00e1 diagnostika)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rozsah pohybu \u010dlenka<\/strong> (dorz\u00e1lna flexia) a nap\u00e4tie Achilovej \u0161\u013eachy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stred tela a dr\u017eanie<\/strong>: panva, trup, stabilita pri stoji na jednej nohe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rovnov\u00e1ha a zrak<\/strong>: ch\u00f4dza po \u010diare, sledovanie bodu, vestibul\u00e1rne reakcie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Senzorika chodidiel<\/strong>: tolerancia r\u00f4znych povrchov (tr\u00e1va, koberec, penov\u00fd p\u00e1s).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vzor ch\u00f4dze<\/strong> v pomalom aj r\u00fdchlom tempe, bos\u00fd vs. obut\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdsledkom b\u00fdva jednoduch\u00fd cvi\u010debn\u00fd a \u201ehabit-tr\u00e9ning\u201c pl\u00e1n; niekedy sa do\u010dasne odporu\u010dia aj <strong>ort\u00e9zy\/tejpy<\/strong> alebo konzult\u00e1cia s \u010fal\u0161\u00edm \u0161pecialistom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010co m\u00f4\u017eete robi\u0165 doma a v \u0161k\u00f4lke (5\u201310 min denne)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1) \u201eP\u00e4ta-dole\u201c hry (mobilita \u010dlenka)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Stoj na <strong>\u0161ikmej podlo\u017eke<\/strong> (p\u00e4ty ni\u017e\u0161ie), jemn\u00e9 podrepy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201e<strong>Tu\u010dniak<\/strong>\u201c: pomal\u00e1 ch\u00f4dza s d\u00f4razom na <strong>p\u00e4tu \u2192 \u0161pi\u010dku<\/strong>; m\u00f4\u017eete \u0165apka\u0165 rytmus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201e<strong>Kreslenie p\u00e4tou<\/strong>\u201c: bosou p\u00e4tou kresli po zemi ve\u013ek\u00e9 kruhy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2) L\u00fdtka a zadn\u00fd re\u0165azec (natiahnutie bez slzi\u010diek)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Stena<\/strong>: v\u00fdpad k stene, zadn\u00e1 noha vystret\u00e1, p\u00e4ta na zemi, 20\u201330 s d\u00fdchania nosom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Schod\u00edk<\/strong>: st\u00e1tie na okraji s p\u00e4tami tesne pod hranou, dr\u017ea\u0165 sa z\u00e1bradlia, jemn\u00e9 pohupy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3) Stred tela a propriocepcia (pevn\u00fd \u201est\u013ap\u201c = \u013eah\u0161\u00ed dopad p\u00e4ty)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>B\u00e4rli\u010dky<\/strong>: pomal\u00e9 medvedie ch\u00f4dze po \u010diare, \u201ekolena\u010dky\u201c cez vank\u00fa\u0161e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pren\u00e1\u0161anie<\/strong>: \u0165a\u017e\u0161\u00ed predmet oboma rukami (knihy v krabici) \u2014 kr\u00e1tke \u00faseky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4) Zrak + rovnov\u00e1ha (vestibul\u00e1rna brzda)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L\u00e1vka z p\u00e1sky<\/strong>: pomal\u00fd prechod, poh\u013ead na fixn\u00fd bod na stene.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stop\u2013go<\/strong>: hudba hr\u00e1 = idem p\u00e4ta\u2013\u0161pi\u010dka, hudba st\u00edchne = stoj\u00edm ako socha (p\u00e4ty na zemi).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5) Senzorika chodidiel (ak die\u0165a \u201enem\u00e1 rado zem\u201c)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bos\u00e9 chodenie po <strong>\u201eostrovoch\u201c<\/strong>: uter\u00e1k, pena, koberec, tr\u00e1va; kr\u00e1tke dotyky, \u017eiadne n\u00fatenie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201e<strong>Zber ga\u0161tanov<\/strong>\u201c prstami n\u00f4h do misky \u2014 aj z\u00e1bava, aj mobilita.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Obuv a ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 n\u00e1vyky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Preferujte <strong>\u013eahk\u00fa obuv s ohybnou podr\u00e1\u017ekou<\/strong> a dobr\u00fdm priestorom pre prsty; pr\u00edli\u0161 tvrd\u00e1 \u0161pi\u010dka zvyk fixuje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doma \u010do najviac <strong>naboso<\/strong> (bez klzk\u00fdch povrchov), najm\u00e4 na r\u00f4znych text\u00farach.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pri ch\u00f4dzi <strong>spoma\u013ete tempo<\/strong>: pomal\u00e1 ch\u00f4dza vy\u017eaduje viac kontroly a prirodzene vedie p\u00e4tu na zem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kr\u00e1tke <strong>pripomienky s obr\u00e1zkom<\/strong> (n\u00e1lepka p\u00e4ty na podlahe) funguj\u00fa lep\u0161ie ne\u017e neust\u00e1le napom\u00ednanie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010comu sa vyhn\u00fa\u0165<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dlh\u00e9 pas\u00edvne stre\u010dingy \u201eza ka\u017ed\u00fa cenu\u201c (rad\u0161ej \u010dastej\u0161ie, krat\u0161ie a funk\u010dn\u00e9 v hre).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Neust\u00e1le \u201enapr\u00e1vanie\u201c slovami \u2014 zvyk je motorick\u00fd, nie \u201eneposlu\u0161nos\u0165\u201c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trval\u00e9 nosenie \u0165a\u017ekej, tuhej obuvi ako r\u00fdchla \u201eoprava\u201c \u2014 m\u00f4\u017ee maskova\u0165 probl\u00e9m, nie rie\u0161i\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ako vyzer\u00e1 pokrok<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Prv\u00e9 zmeny neb\u00fdvaj\u00fa \u201ezo d\u0148a na de\u0148\u201c. Sledujte <strong>viac dopadov p\u00e4ty pri pomalej ch\u00f4dzi<\/strong>, \u013eah\u0161\u00ed drep s p\u00e4tami na zemi, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu toleranciu r\u00f4znych povrchov a menej \u00fanavy l\u00fdtok. Zapisujte si <strong>2\u20133 kr\u00e1tke aktivity denne<\/strong>; konzistentnos\u0165 je d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ia ne\u017e d\u013a\u017eka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kedy s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie vy\u0161etrenia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0160pi\u010dkovanie je <strong>kon\u0161tantn\u00e9<\/strong> po 3. roku a <strong>rozsah \u010dlenka je obmedzen\u00fd<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prid\u00e1va sa <strong>boles\u0165<\/strong>, v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 <strong>asymetria<\/strong>, <strong>spasticita<\/strong> alebo podozrenie na in\u00e9 neurologick\u00e9 \u0165a\u017ekosti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u00fa\u010dasne pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 <strong>zmyslov\u00e9 \u0165a\u017ekosti<\/strong> (dotyk, zvuk, rovnov\u00e1ha) a die\u0165a sa vyh\u00fdba pohybu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Vtedy je namieste komplexn\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie (pediater, fyzioterapeut, ergoterapeut, pr\u00edpadne neurol\u00f3g\/ORT).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zhrnutie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00f4dza po \u0161pi\u010dk\u00e1ch je \u010dasto <strong>prechodn\u00fd zvyk<\/strong>. Ak v\u0161ak trv\u00e1 po 3. roku, zhor\u0161uje sa alebo sa prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie sign\u00e1ly (stuhnutos\u0165 l\u00fdtok, p\u00e1dy, zmyslov\u00e1 citlivos\u0165), oplat\u00ed sa odborn\u00e1 konzult\u00e1cia. Pom\u00f4\u017ee <strong>ka\u017edodenn\u00e1 kr\u00e1tka rutina<\/strong>: mobilita \u010dlenka, m\u00e4kk\u00e9 na\u0165ahovanie, posilnenie stredu, bos\u00e9 povrchy a pomal\u00e1 ch\u00f4dza p\u00e4ta\u2013\u0161pi\u010dka. Trpezlivos\u0165 a konzistentnos\u0165 menia n\u00e1vyk bezpe\u010dne a bez boja.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mal\u00e9 deti \u010dasto sk\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa ch\u00f4dzu \u201ena \u0161pi\u010dk\u00e1ch\u201c \u2014 je to z\u00e1bavn\u00e9, ticho to klopk\u00e1 a telo si testuje rovnov\u00e1hu. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou ide o prechodn\u00fa f\u00e1zu. Niekedy v\u0161ak \u0161pi\u010dkovanie pretrv\u00e1va dlh\u0161ie, zhor\u0161uje sa alebo je sprev\u00e1dzan\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami. Tu je praktick\u00fd kompas pre rodi\u010dov a u\u010dite\u013eov: kedy by\u0165 v k\u013eude, kedy spozornie\u0165 a ako die\u0165a podpori\u0165.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":52,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezaradene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions\/53"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/52"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.motorika.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}